03 產(chǎn)品銷售
ge must be able to unicate with each other to make their “something of value” available. that is to say, the two parties unicate to make their “something of value” available to each other. 如何成功地交換產(chǎn)品 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷可以定義為:通過創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)品與價(jià)值并與他人交換,旨在滿足人們需要的一切人類活動(dòng)。如今,企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈,只有那些能更好地滿足顧客需要的企業(yè)才能得生存并獲取最大利潤(rùn)。商品是用于交換的勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)品。銷售的實(shí)質(zhì)就是使商品或服務(wù)的交換發(fā)生。要進(jìn)行某一交換,就必須同時(shí)存在以下4個(gè)條件: 第一、任何交換必須有兩個(gè)或更多的個(gè)人、群體或組織參與; 第二、每一方都必須擁有另一方渴望得到的某種有價(jià)值的東西; 第三、一方必須愿意舍棄自己“某種有價(jià)值的東西”以得到另一方擁有的“某種有價(jià)值的東西”; 第四、參與交換的各方必須能相互溝通,以使他們的“某種有價(jià)值的東西”進(jìn)行交換。也就是說,雙方通過溝通使得對(duì)方能得到他們各自“有價(jià)值的東西”。 外貿(mào)流程要熟悉 dialogue before shipping the goods, the seller and the buyer o iate about insurance. 在運(yùn)輸貨物前,買方和賣方需要就保險(xiǎn)事宜進(jìn)行協(xié)商。 a: may i ask what insurance covers acc to your usual cif terms? a:請(qǐng)問根據(jù)你們常用的到岸價(jià)格條款,都包括哪些險(xiǎn)別? b: well, in terms of cif, we will cover the goods against with particular average plus risk of breakage. b:依據(jù)到岸價(jià)格條款,我們會(huì)為這批貨投保水漬險(xiǎn)加破碎險(xiǎn)。 a: i think we'd better have insurance against all risks. a:我想我們最好還是投保一切險(xiǎn)。 b: we think so, too. if all risks is not guaranteed, in case there is any serious problem, we'll suffer a great loss that we 't afford. b:我們也是這樣想的。如果不辦理一切險(xiǎn),萬(wàn)一出了什么嚴(yán)重問題,我們會(huì)遭受無法承擔(dān)的巨大損失。 a: judging from the ret situation in the middle east, i hope to add insurance against war risks. a:從近來的中東局勢(shì)看,我希望能夠加保戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)。 b: no problem. we agree to add the ce of war risks, but the premium should be borne by your pany. b:沒問題。我們同意加保戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn),但其保費(fèi)由貴公司承擔(dān)。 a: ok, it's a deal. a:好的,成交。 b: you may rest assured that we will have the goods insured as soon as they are shipped as you required. the underwriters are responsible for the claim as far as it is within the cover. b:你們可以放心,貨物運(yùn)輸時(shí),我們會(huì)按貴方要求給貨物投保。只要是在保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi),保險(xiǎn)公司就應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)賠償。 notes 1. cif(cost insurand freight)到岸價(jià) 2. all risks 一切險(xiǎn) 3. war risks 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn) 4. underwriter ['?nd??rait?] n. 保險(xiǎn)商;承諾支付者;承購(gòu)人 5. as far as 就……而言;遠(yuǎn)到……;到……程度 小貼士 簡(jiǎn)單的外貿(mào)流程: 1. 建立外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系 2. 報(bào)價(jià)(發(fā)盤、還盤、接受、詢盤) 比較常用的報(bào)價(jià)形式有:fob(船上交貨價(jià)格)、f(成本加運(yùn)費(fèi))、cif(到岸價(jià)包括成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi))。 3. 簽訂出口合同(付款方式、保險(xiǎn)、包裝運(yùn)輸) 4. 安排裝運(yùn)(備貨、包裝、訂艙、裝箱、運(yùn)輸) 5. 報(bào)關(guān)(準(zhǔn)備報(bào)關(guān)材料、提供單證) 6. 收匯 7. 核銷 8. 退稅 訂單一下業(yè)務(wù)成 dialogue if there is no dispute in the iation, the buyer will place the order. 如果在談判中無異議,買方就會(huì)下訂單。 a: mr. smith, if you give the final offer i want, i place the ht away. a:史密斯先生,如果你們提供的最后報(bào)盤合適,我可以立刻下訂單。 b: i'm sure you'll find our price most favorable. the market prices for cotton goods have gone up tremendously i years, but our prices haven't ged much. b:你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的價(jià)格是最優(yōu)惠的。近幾年來,棉織品的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格上漲幅度很大,而我們的價(jià)格變化并不大。 a: but i have a large order. what kind of dist could you give me if i were to pla order for 500 sets? a:但是我訂單量很大。如果我下500套的訂單,你們可以給我多少折扣? b: on an order of 500, we give you a dist of 2 pert at the most. b:訂500套訂單,最多給2%的折扣。 a: what is the earliest time when you make delivery? a:最快什么時(shí)候交貨? b: we could ship your order withiy days of receiving your payment. b:在收到你方貨款的20日內(nèi)發(fā)貨。 a: you know that the time of delivery is very important to us. could we expe earlier shipment within two weeks? a:你知道發(fā)貨時(shí)間對(duì)我們很重要。能在收到貨款的兩周內(nèi)發(fā)貨嗎? b: we shall effect shipment as soon as the products are ready. i believe that the products will reach you as early as possible and in good order. i'm sure they will give you plete satisfa. b:貨物準(zhǔn)備好后我們會(huì)盡快發(fā)貨的。我相信貨物會(huì)盡快并完整地運(yùn)到,一定會(huì)令您滿意的。 a: i'd like to go ahead and pla order for 500 sets. thank you very much for your cooperation. a:那我就先下500套訂單,非常感謝您的合作。 b: not at all. b:不客氣。 notes 1. market price 市場(chǎng)價(jià) 2. tremendously [tri'mend?sli] adv. 驚人地;非常,十分 3. at the most 至多,不超過 4. make delivery 交貨 小貼士 訂單英語(yǔ): 1. we'd like to order your products. we'll fax our official order later. 我們想訂你們的貨,稍后會(huì)傳真過去正式的訂單。 2. we make a ge on order no. 6958? 我們可以修改一下訂單號(hào)為6958的訂單嗎? 3. what's the minimum quantity of an order for your products? 你們產(chǎn)品的最小訂單量是多少? 4. the size of our order depends greatly on your prices. 我們的訂單量在很大程度上取決于你方提供的價(jià)格。 5. as a trial order, please send us 80 sets only so that we may test the market. if successful, we will give you large orders afterwards. 這是試訂單,請(qǐng)給我們發(fā)80套以便我們調(diào)查市場(chǎng)。如果銷售成功,我們以后會(huì)下更大的訂單。 6. i want to tell you how much i appreciate your order. 我想說非常感謝您訂購(gòu)我們的產(chǎn)品。 也可以這樣說: i would like to say thank you very much for your order. 7. great! i'll just fill in the purchase order and have you sign it. 好極了! 我馬上寫訂購(gòu)單并請(qǐng)您簽字。 8. we will get the products dispatched withiipulated time. 我們會(huì)按期交貨的。 9. the earliest delivery we make is at the end of month. 我們最快的交貨日期是下個(gè)月月底。 怎樣付款方便快捷 dialogue the iation has reached the final stage.the two parties are discussing how to make the payment. 談判進(jìn)入了最后階段,雙方正在討論以何種方式付款。 a: all right, we've settled the questions of price, quality and quantity, theerms of payment. a:好了,我們已談妥價(jià)格、質(zhì)量和數(shù)量問題,接下來就談?wù)劯犊罘绞健?/br> b: we only accept payment by irrevocable letter of credit payable against shipping dots. b:我們只接受不可撤銷的、憑裝運(yùn)單據(jù)付款的信用證。 a: i see. could you make an exception and accept d/a or d/p? a:我明白。你們能破例接受承兌交單或付款交單方式嗎? b: i am sorry but i'm afraid not. we insist on a letter of credit. b:很抱歉,恐怕不能。我們堅(jiān)決要求采用信用證付款。 a: when i open a letter of credit with a bank,i have to pay a sum of deposit. that'll tie up my money and increase the cost of my import. a:要在銀行開立信用證,我得付一筆押金。這樣會(huì)占?jí)何业馁Y金,增加進(jìn)口成本。 b: you may sult your bank and see if it is possible to reduce the required deposit to a minimum. b:你可以和開證行商量一下,看他們能否把押金減少到最低限度。 a: but there will be still bank charges in opening the l/c. if you would accept d/a or d/p and draw on me just as if there no great differeo you, but it would do me a great favor. a:但是開立信用證還是要支付銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)。如果你能接受承兌交單或付款交單,你就當(dāng)做是信用證一樣給我開匯票,這對(duì)你來說沒多大區(qū)別,但是對(duì)我?guī)椭艽蟆?/br> b: well, you must be aware that an irrevocable letter of credit gives the exporter the additional guarantee of the bank. we always require payment by l/c for our exports. and the other way round, we use l/c for our imports. b:你也應(yīng)該知道,不可撤銷的信用證給出口商增加了銀行的擔(dān)保。我們出口一向要求采用信用證,反過來講,我們進(jìn)口也是信用證付款。 a: well, it seems that there is no room for maneuvers. a:好吧,看來沒有回旋的余地了。 b: i'm sorry about that. b:我為此很抱歉。 notes 1. irrevocable [i'rev?k?bl] adj. 不能撤銷的;不能取消的;不能變更的 2. l/c(=letter of credit)跟單信用證 3. tie up 拴住,捆牢;使難以動(dòng)用;阻礙 4. minimum ['minim?m] adj. 最少的,最低程度的;n. 最低限度,最小量 5. d/a(dot against acceptance)承兌交單 6. d/p(dot against payment)付款交單 7. draw on sb. 向某人開立匯票 8. maneuver [m?'nu:v?] n. 策略;(復(fù)數(shù))演習(xí);調(diào)遣;v.(巧妙)控制;用策略 小貼士 外貿(mào)常用的付款方式: 一、信用證(letter of credit,簡(jiǎn)稱l/c)。 二、匯付,主要包括電匯(telegraphic transfer,簡(jiǎn)稱t/t)、信匯(mail transfer,簡(jiǎn)稱m/t)和票匯(demand draft,簡(jiǎn)稱d/d)3種。 三、托收(colle),主要包括付款交單(dots against payment,簡(jiǎn)稱d/p)和承兌交單(dots against acceptance,簡(jiǎn)稱d/a)兩種。 信用證是銀行用以保證買方或進(jìn)口方有支付能力的憑證,是銀行有條件保證付款的單證,是目前國(guó)際貿(mào)易付款方式最常用的一種付款方式。按照這種結(jié)算方式的一般規(guī)定,買方先將貨款交存銀行,由銀行開立信用證,通知賣方開戶銀行轉(zhuǎn)告賣方,賣方按合同和信用證規(guī)定的條款發(fā)貨,銀行代買方付款。信用證對(duì)買方的約束比較大,要占用一定的信用額度和資金,對(duì)于賣方來說,信用證比a/p,d/p等方式要保險(xiǎn)得多,銀行是第一付款人。當(dāng)然銀行也有倒閉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),所以選擇開證行時(shí)銀行信用相當(dāng)重要。 電匯(t/t)是匯款人將一定款項(xiàng)交存匯款銀行,匯款銀行通過電報(bào)或電傳給目的地的分行或代理行(匯入行),指示匯入行向收款人支付一定金額的一種匯款方式。付款交單(d/p),是賣方的交單以買方的付款為條件,即買方將匯票連同貨運(yùn)單據(jù)交給銀行托收時(shí),指示銀行只有在買方付清貨款時(shí),才能交出貨運(yùn)單據(jù)。 承兌交單(d/a),是指出口方的交單以進(jìn)口方在匯票上承兌為條件。即出口方在裝運(yùn)貨物后開具遠(yuǎn)期匯票和單據(jù),委托銀行在進(jìn)口方承兌匯票后,將商業(yè)單據(jù)交給進(jìn)口方,進(jìn)口方在匯票到期時(shí)付款。 包裝運(yùn)輸很關(guān)鍵 dialogue daisy and mr. white are discussing the packaging. 黛西和懷特先生正在討論包裝問題。 daisy: mr. white, now that the price is decided on, we discuss the packaging. 黛西:懷特先生,既然價(jià)格已經(jīng)談妥了,我們可以討論一下包裝問題。 mr. white: what about the protective pag during transit? 懷特先生:用于運(yùn)輸?shù)谋Wo(hù)性包裝是怎樣的呢? daisy: our shipping arras are very careful .we'll each toy in six layers of bubble- and then pack them in separate boxes. and then pack them a dozen to one carton, gross weight about 20 kilos a carton. 黛西:我們的運(yùn)輸安排是很細(xì)致的。每個(gè)娃娃用泡沫包了6層,放進(jìn)獨(dú)立的包裝盒。然后一個(gè)紙箱內(nèi)裝一打,每箱毛重20公斤。 mr. white: could you use wooden cases instead? i'm afraid the cardboard boxes are not strong enough for long-distance o transportation. 懷特先生:你們能否改用木箱? 恐怕紙板箱用于遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸不夠結(jié)實(shí)。 daisy: cartons are paratively light, and therefore easy to hahey won't be stowed away with the heavy load. what's more, we'll use metal straps to reinforce the cartons. 黛西:紙板箱相對(duì)來說比較輕,便于搬運(yùn)。紙箱不會(huì)和別的重物堆放在一起。此外,我們還會(huì)用金屬條加固紙箱的。 mr. white: all right. we agree to cardboard cartons for outer pag. but the packaging must be roof as well as strong enough to withstand shod rough handling. on the cartons, please mark w “not to be stowed under heavy cargo” and “protect against water”. 懷特先生:好吧。我們同意用紙板箱做外包裝。但是包裝必須防水、堅(jiān)固,經(jīng)得起震動(dòng)和粗暴搬運(yùn)。請(qǐng)?jiān)诩埾渖蠘?biāo)明“勿置于重物下”和“注意防水”。 daisy: that is out of question. we always take extra care with every shipment and we have never had any problem with breakage. 黛西:那是當(dāng)然的。我們對(duì)每一次裝運(yùn)都格外小心,從來沒有一次破損的。 notes 1. layer ['lei?] n. 層;v. 分層;將某物堆積成層 2. gross [gr?us] adj. 總的;粗魯?shù)模涣钊擞憛挼模籲. 總量,總額;v. 總共賺得 3. stow away 理艙,把貨物堆放好 4. reinforce [?ri:in'f?:s] v. 加固,加強(qiáng);使更具說服力 5. roof ['w?:t?pru:f] adj. 防水的,耐水的;n. 防水材料;雨衣 6. out of question 毫無疑問 小貼士 包裝包括運(yùn)輸包裝(外包裝或大包裝)和銷售包裝(內(nèi)包裝或小包裝),是為了保護(hù)商品的質(zhì)量完好和數(shù)量完整而采取的措施。具體來說,運(yùn)輸包裝不僅要起到防止貨物在運(yùn)輸途中受損的作用,也應(yīng)具備裝卸方便、貯存和防盜的功能。 包裝標(biāo)示: don't cast 勿擲 heave here 起吊點(diǎn)(此處起吊) hah care 小心輕放 inflammable 易燃物,避火 keep dry 保持干燥 keep away from moisture 防潮 keep in a cool place 儲(chǔ)存于陰涼處 keep in a dry place 儲(chǔ)存于干燥處 keep upright 請(qǐng)勿倒置 to be protected from heat 避熱 this side up 此方向上 open from this side 由此開啟 dangerous whe 遇水危險(xiǎn)品 not to be laid flat 切勿平放 運(yùn)輸常用詞匯: destination 目的地,目的港 discharging port 卸貨港 dispatch 發(fā)貨,發(fā)送 freight 貨運(yùn),運(yùn)費(fèi) means of transport 運(yùn)輸方式 port of arrival 到貨港 port of discharge / unloading 卸貨港 port of delivery 交貨港 port of dispatch 發(fā)貨港 port of loading 裝貨港 shipper 貨主,托運(yùn)人,發(fā)貨人 by air 空運(yùn) date of pletion of discharge 卸完日期